A “once-in-a-generation modernisation” of the armed forces is required to extend British influence and protect the public, Boris Johnson has said.
The prime minister told MPs a new four-year funding deal would protect “hundreds of thousands” of jobs and create 40,000 new roles.
“I have decided that the era of cutting our defence budget must end, and it ends now,” he said.
A report on the BBC News stated that Labour welcomed more defence spending but asked how it would be funded.
Outlining the new package in the Commons, the PM – speaking over video link as he is self-isolating – said the benefits “will go far beyond our armed forces”.
Mr Johnson described the increase in defence spending as being worth £16.5 billion in new money over four years.
However economist Ben Zaranko, from the Institute of Fiscal Studies, said that while this represented a big rise in spending, the figure of £16.5bn was a “misleading way to present this announcement”.
He continued: “It would be more accurate to say that by 2024-25, defence spending will be £7bn higher than it would have been under previous plans.”
Mr Johnson said: “Our plans will safeguard hundreds of thousands of jobs in the defence industry, protecting livelihoods across the UK and keeping the British people safe.”
The PM pledged to end defence budget cuts, protect shipping lanes that supply the country, press on with renewing the UK’s nuclear deterrent and restore Britain as “the foremost naval power in Europe” with a “renaissance of British shipbuilding across the UK”.
He also said the funding would allow investment in new technology such as:
- A new centre dedicated to artificial intelligence
- The creation of a national cyber force, which he said was already operating against terrorists, organised crime groups and hostile states
- A new “RAF space command launching British satellites and our first rocket from Scotland in 2022”
“From aerospace to autonomous vehicles, these technologies have a vast array of civilian applications opening up new vistas of economic progress, creating 10,000 jobs every year – 40,000 in total – levelling-up across our country and reinforcing our union,” Mr Johnson added.
Prime Minister Boris Johnson and Defence Secretary Ben Wallace on a pre-election visit to HM Naval Base Clyde at Faslane last year.
This is a big win for Defence Secretary Ben Wallace, who’s been fighting hard for a significant increase in defence spending and a long-term financial settlement to end what he calls a cycle of overambitious, under-funded defence reviews of the past, according to defence correspondents..
The Treasury had been arguing for a much smaller annual increase. But Mr Wallace found an ally in the PM, who says his first priority is defence of the realm.
Boris Johnson also believes it’ll boost Britain’s place in the world and create jobs.
The extra money will be used to modernise the armed forces with more spent on robots, autonomous systems and meeting new threats in the domains of space and cyber.
Despite the palpable relief inside the MoD it still has to fill a £13 billion black hole in its equipment budget. Difficult decisions about cutting old equipment to fund the new are still to be made.
The MoD, which doesn’t have a strong track record of balancing its books, now has to prove it can spend wisely.
And good news for defence might also mean bad news for other government departments – there’s already speculation the international aid budget could be cut.
Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer asked who is going to pay for this.
Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer accused Mr Johnson of making a “spending announcement without a strategy” and asked whether the money would be raised through cuts or tax rises, or both.
Mr Johnson did not respond to the question but said Sir Keir’s record of support for the armed forces was “very thin indeed”.
Former foreign secretary Jeremy Hunt urged Mr Johnson “not to listen to any voices in his ear” saying that cutting international aid could help to fund the increase in defence spending.
And Labour MP Sarah Champion, chairwoman of the international development committee, asked Mr Johnson to “quash rumours and confirm his manifesto commitment” of spending 0.7% of national income on overseas aid, “now and going forwards”.
The PM responded by telling the Commons: “I think we can all be proud of our record on overseas aid and that will continue.”
General Sir Nick Carter, chief of the defence staff, said he was “absolutely delighted” by the announcement.
“But of course we’re also conscious that living through this Covid crisis, the armed forces have stepped up to the plate to provide some of the resilience that the nation has needed,” he added.
Earlier, Defence Secretary Ben Wallace said “letting go” of some older weapons would create “headroom” for new investment.
He added: “When I looked across at the armed forces today I saw them with equipment that was out-of-date, I saw our adversaries across the world having better equipment, the ability to attack us and harm us getting wider and wider from our capabilities.”
The funding announcement is part of the first conclusions of the government’s Integrated Review which looks at security, defence, development and foreign policy.
Labour’s shadow defence secretary John Healey said the extra money would give “a welcome and long-overdue upgrade to Britain’s defences after a decade of decline”.
Conservative MP and defence select committee chairman Tobias Ellwood said: “This is a lot of money but ultimately there are still huge financial pressures facing our armed forces.”
But he said the “key takeaway” for him was the “message this sends to the British people, to the MoD as well, that we want to be back as a strong power capability”.
This was denied by West Community Party spokesperson Louise Robertson, a well-known peace campaigner, who asked: “Does anyone get how we can, at the same time, be trying to save the environment, but buying more weapons of mass destruction?”
A Trident missile being fired from a Faslane-based nuclear submarine.
UK increasing size of nuclear weapons stockpile
The 100-page Integrated Review document sets out the UK’s national security and foreign policy approach. The following is an excerpt from the document.
“The fundamental purpose of our nuclear weapons is to preserve peace, prevent coercion
and deter aggression. A minimum, credible, independent nuclear deterrent, assigned
to the defence of NATO, remains essential in order to guarantee our security and that
of our Allies.
In 2010 the Government stated an intent to reduce our overall nuclear warhead stockpile ceiling from not more than 225 to not more than 180 by the mid-2020s. However, in recognition of the evolving security environment, including the developing range of technological and doctrinal threats, this is no longer possible, and the UK will move to an overall nuclear weapon stockpile of no more than 260 warheads.
To ensure that our deterrent is not vulnerable to pre-emptive action by potential
adversaries, we will maintain our four submarines so that at least one will always be on a
Continuous At Sea Deterrent patrol. Our submarines on patrol are at several days’ notice
to fire and, since 1994, we do not target our missiles at any state. We remain committed
to maintaining the minimum destructive power needed to guarantee that the UK’s nuclear
deterrent remains credible and effective against the full range of state nuclear threats
from any direction.
We will continue to keep our nuclear posture under constant review in light of the international security environment and the actions of potential adversaries. We will maintain the capability required to impose costs on an adversary that would far outweigh the benefits they could hope to achieve should they threaten our, or our Allies’, security.”
UK nuclear weapons policy, according to the Integrated Review is as follows: “The UK’s nuclear weapons are operationally independent and only the Prime Minister can
authorise their use. This ensures that political control is maintained at all times. We would
consider using our nuclear weapons only in extreme circumstances of self-defence,
including the defence of our NATO Allies.”