A new statue of Nelson Mandela has been unveiled in Glasgow, celebrating the former South African President’s links to the city.
The statue from sculptor Alan B Herriot will stand in the city’s Nelson Mandela Place, having been chosen from a shortlist last year.
Glasgow was the first city in the world to award its freedom to Mandela in 1981, at a time when he was still in prison in South Africa.
The leader of the country’s anti-apartheid struggle later visited Glasgow in 1993 – three years after he was released from jail.
Brian Filling, the chair of the Nelson Mandela Scottish Memorial Foundation, said the unveiling was “another great day in Glasgow’s proud history of association with a struggle thousands of miles away.”
Filling campaigned from the 1960s onward against apartheid – the system in South Africa which allowed the white minority to oppress the majority black inhabitants.
He added: “The statue will stand as a testament and recognition of the people of Glasgow, Scotland and Britain’s solidarity with the South African people in their long and just struggle and it will provide a focus for ongoing education around the continuing struggle against racism and for justice and equality.”
Dr Michael Kelly was Glasgow’s Lord Provost from 1980 to 1984 and was heavily involved in the decision to give Mandela the freedom of the city in 1981.
He told the BBC Scotland: “This is a lasting reminder of Mandela, and of his tremendous struggle – 23 years of hard labour simply for wanting a vote – and also of the contribution of the people of Glasgow to the worldwide campaign [to free Mandela].”
In attendance for the statue being revealed was Marah Louw, the South African singer who sang in George Square when Mandela visited the city in 1993.
The visit saw him speak to a crowd of about 10,000 people in George Square and formally receive the honour of the freedom of the city.
The visit came three years after he was released from jail in 1990, following over 27 years imprisoned, having been convicted of charges that included conspiring to commit acts of sabotage and guerrilla warfare for violent revolution.
The trial was condemned by the United Nations Security Council and nations around the world.
In later life he became the president of South Africa and died, aged 95, in December 2013.
Why is Glasgow connected so heavily with Nelson Mandela?
Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, many in Britain were happy to deal with the apartheid regime in South Africa.
In 1979 the then Lord Provost of Glasgow, David Hodge, hosted lunch with the South African ambassador in the city – a decision that sparked furious protests at the City Chambers.
Dr Kelly was among those in the Labour party who wanted to make amends for this, resulting in the decision to give Mandela the freedom of the city. It resulted in both praise and criticism for the council at the time.
Dr Kelly recalled: “There was a very mixed reaction, the press was very hostile to it and the Glaswegians wondered why we were interfering in foreign affairs.
“There was a campaign of education from 1981 to inform Glaswegians about Mandela, about his struggle and about the ghastly system of apartheid.”
Soon other cities had followed Glasgow’s lead.
Within a year Kelly launched a declaration for the release of Mandela that gained support from 2,500 mayors from 56 countries around the world.
The declaration got the backing of the United Nations in New York and Dr Kelly, on behalf of the city of Glasgow, was invited to speak first in support of the petition.
Glasgow’s support for Mandela did not end there, nor was it limited to petitions and protests.
In 1986, the name of St George’s Place in the city centre was changed to Nelson Mandela Place.
The name change was because the South African consulate-general was based on the fifth floor of the Stock Exchange building there – meaning it had to be based at an address which bore the name of the country’s most famous political prisoner.
Dr Kelly said: “It really irritated the South African government, and that was part of the point. It also created worldwide publicity.”
International pressure, in the form of sanctions against the South African regime, eventually led to Mandela’s release from prison at the age of 71, on 11 February 1990.